Clarifying handball rules
I need to ensure I have the handball rule changes from 2021 straight. It looks like an accidental handball by an attacker doesn’t count as an offense before a goal, unless that player scores immediately after the ball touches their hand. The March 2021 IFAB update states that accidental handballs leading to a teammate scoring are not penalized anymore. So, I’m confirming: if a player accidentally handles the ball before scoring, it’s not an offense unless they create a scoring opportunity right after.Summarizing handball penalties
Only the player who scores immediately after touching the ball by hand is penalized if it was an accidental handball. It's important to note that not every hand or arm touch is an offense. Offenses include deliberate actions, having the arm positioned unnaturally, or the arm being above the shoulder in a non-natural way. However, deflections off one's body or contact with no time to react, and a supporting arm while falling, are excluded. Now, I can present this information.
这里说到点子上了。按现行国际足联/IFAB手球判罚（2021–2024版），“并非所有手/臂触球都是犯规”本来就是规则精神，但执行与理解常跑偏。
要点速览
- 规则本意：仅在“故意手球”或“手/臂让身体不自然变大而获得不公平优势”时才判罚；并非触手就吹。
- 常见判罚依据：手臂是否超肩/远离躯干、是否明显扩大防守面积；是否有意伸手挡球；与球的距离/反应时间；是否为支撑手（倒地支撑通常不判）。
- 进攻方意外手球：已放宽。意外手球导致“队友”进球不再自动判罚；仅当“本人”意外手球后立刻得分或立刻形成得分动作才判。
- 争议根源：边界主观、录像回放放大慢动作“罪证”、各联赛执法口径不一，导致“踢胳膊=点球”的体感。
改进建议（可执行）
- 更强的“反应时间/距离”豁免：近距离折射≤0.2–0.3秒的触手默认不判，除非手臂主动朝球移动并挡出明显射门/传球线路。
- 明确“超肩=几乎必判”的例外清单：跳起争顶/转身躲避等自然动作的瞬时摆臂，如未主动趋球且无明显优势，可不判。
- 细化“扩大体幅”的客观化描述：以肩胛到肋线的锥形区为“自然区”，脱离该区且阻挡到门框范围内射门才计作“明显优势”。
- 反刺拳式故意制造点球的遏制：攻击方主动将球瞄准紧贴身体手臂且无空间改变结果的，不判且可判假摔/非体育道德。
- VAR介入阈值统一：仅限“清晰明显错误”；慢动作与实速并列呈现，禁止只看定帧截图。发布年度统一教学剪辑，缩小联赛差异。
- 文字→图例：把规则条文配成标准化姿态图/视频库，供裁判、球员、球迷同参照。
情景示例
- 近距折射：射门击中防守者大腿后0.15秒弹到贴身手臂→不判。
- 伸臂阻挡：防守者侧身把手撑到体外挡出门框内射门→判点球+黄。
如果你要把这句做成标题/稿件，给你几种写法
- 标题：埃尔纳内斯：不是碰手就点球，手球判罚该回归“常识”
- 社媒文案：Hernanes谈手球：别再“凡手必点”，应看意图与是否扩大体幅，给近距折射豁免，统一VAR标准。
- 导语：手球判罚不应等同“触手=点球”。在意图、体幅、反应时间、进攻获利之间划清客观边界，才能减少争议。
需要我把这整理成一篇短评/长文，或对你指定的比赛案例给出按新口径的判罚推演吗？
